Methylglycol, also known as ethylene glycol or MEG, is an organic compound with the formula CH2OHCH2OH. It’s a clear, colorless liquid possessing a sweet odor – a characteristic that historically led to its widespread use but has now prompted significant safety concerns due to its toxicity.
It's primarily produced through the hydration of ethylene, a process typically catalyzed by acids or zeolites. The resulting methylglycol finds extensive applications across various industries, although its usage is increasingly scrutinized and regulated.
The dominant method for methylglycol production is the hydration of ethylene. This process involves reacting ethylene with water under high pressure and temperature, typically in the presence of a catalyst.
Several variations exist:
Methylglycol’s unique properties have historically led to a broad range of applications, including:
Methylglycol is highly toxic if ingested or absorbed through the skin. It's metabolized in the body, producing methanol, which is also toxic and can cause serious health problems including blindness and neurological damage.
First synthesized by the German chemist Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig.
Used extensively as an antifreeze agent in automobiles, particularly after its discovery of properties by Charles Goodyear.
Widespread use in aircraft de-icing fluids due to its effectiveness at low temperatures.
Growing awareness of toxicity leads to increased regulation and a shift towards safer alternatives. Research into mitigating the risks associated with existing uses continues.